初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法歸納總結(jié)

初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)：

一、不定式一般式的用法

1. 表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作。如：

I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我預(yù)計(jì)他明天到達(dá)。

I hope to catch an early train. 我希望趕上早班火車。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。

2. 表示同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

即表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或略先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。如：

Who heard him say that? 是誰聽到他這樣說的?(say與heard幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)

I’m sorry to hear that. 聽到這事我很難過。(to hear 略先于am sorry)

3. 表示一般情況

即看不出動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，而是表示一種情況或現(xiàn)象。如：

Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽車似乎是你的主要愛好。

None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的許多情人中似乎沒有一個(gè)愿意娶她的。

初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)

二、不定式進(jìn)行式的用法

1. 表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行

即表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟著我們。

He Ptended to be looking for a book. 他假裝在找書。

I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他們到達(dá)時(shí)我碰巧正向窗外望去。

2. 表示將來

正如可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來意義一樣，不定式的進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也可表示將來。如：

You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸運(yùn)的，能乘飛機(jī)走。

He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高興。

I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。

I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答應(yīng)在門口一直等到他出來。

3. 表示一般情況

即看不出動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，而是表示一種情況或現(xiàn)象。如：

I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他似乎煙癮很大。

Just to be doing something was a help. 做點(diǎn)事是有益處的。

You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。

三、不定式完成式的用法

1. 表示比謂語動(dòng)作更早的動(dòng)作

即不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。如：

I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。

They are said to have left London. 據(jù)說他們已經(jīng)離開倫敦。

I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我過去曾開過那種汽車。

I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起給了你這么多麻煩。

2. 表示比某特定時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作

即表示在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作。如：

I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項(xiàng)工作。

By 2020, he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到2020年，他希望能在海外開一分店。

3. 表示假想的更早的動(dòng)作

尤其是表示過去本來打算要做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做成的動(dòng)作。如：

We were to have been married last year. 我們本來打算去年結(jié)婚的。

I wanted to have come to see you, but I was really too busy. 我本想來看你的，但我的確太忙了。

不定式的完成式有時(shí)還有明顯的感情色彩，如表示遺憾、后悔或責(zé)備。如：

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 沒有必要給我買一雙新鞋。

四、不定式完成進(jìn)行式的用法

不定式完成進(jìn)行式主要表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

He Ptended to have been studying. 他假裝一直在學(xué)習(xí)的樣子。

He appears to have been waiting a long time. 看來他已經(jīng)等了很久了。

He seems to have been spying for both sides 他似乎一直在為兩方面搞秘密情報(bào)。

He is believed to have been waiting for a message. 據(jù)信他當(dāng)時(shí)一直在等待消息。

He looked too young to have been publishing for five years. 他看上去很年輕，不像是已經(jīng)干了5年出版的人。

I’d like to have been sitting there when she walked in. 我真希望當(dāng)她走進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我正坐在那里。

五、不定式被動(dòng)式的用法

1. 基本用法

不定式到底用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動(dòng)就用主動(dòng)形式，意思上為被動(dòng)就用被動(dòng)形式。如：

Not a sound was to be heard. 聽不到一點(diǎn)聲音。

I had to shout to be heard. 我必須叫喊對(duì)方才能聽得見。

There remains one matter still to be discussed. 有一個(gè)問題尚待討論。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對(duì)我們是利是害，還得看看再說。

2. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

一般說來，表示主動(dòng)意義，不定式用主動(dòng)式;表示被動(dòng)意義，不定式用被動(dòng)式。但是，有個(gè)別時(shí)候，雖然意義上是被動(dòng)的，但不定式卻要用主動(dòng)式。如：

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

The box was too heavy to lift. 箱子太重，拿不起來。

The question is difficult to answer. 這問題很難回答。

不定式完成式用法歸納：

不定式完成式的基本形式為to have done，其主要用法如下：

1. 表示比謂語更早的動(dòng)作，即不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)作之前。如：

I remember to have seen him do it. 我記得曾看見他這樣做。

He is said to have written another TV play. 據(jù)說他又寫了一部電視劇。

I am ashamed to have mentioned it.我很慚愧提到了這件事。

2. 表示比某特定時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作，即表示在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作。如：

I expect to have finished by tomorrow evening. 我看明天晚上之前可以完成。

We hope to have finished the job by next Saturday. 我們希望下周六前完成這項(xiàng)工作。

3. 表示假想的更早的動(dòng)作，尤其是表示過去本來打算要做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做成的動(dòng)作。如：

They were to have left the next day. 他們本來決定第二天就離開的。

I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我。

不定式的一般式和進(jìn)行式及用法：

一、不定式一般式的用法

不定式的一般式有兩個(gè)基本用法;一是表示將來，即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作;二是表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或略先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。如：

He told me to come earlier. 他叫我來早點(diǎn)。

She hoped to sleep off her headache. 她希望睡一覺后頭痛會(huì)好。

I don’t seem to lack anything. 我好像什么也不缺。

I’m so pleased to see you. 看到你我真高興。

二、不定式進(jìn)行式的用法

不定式的進(jìn)行式主要表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

It appears to be raining. 似乎在下雨。

He Ptended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.老板進(jìn)來時(shí)他假裝在看一份重要的文件。

注：正如可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來意義一樣，不定式的進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也可表示將來。如：

He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高興。

The old man seems to be dying. 這老人似乎要死了。

英語不定式用法模擬考題：

1. The worrying boy tried many times to crawl over the fence after evening class, ________ each time by the guards in our school.

A. being caught B. only to be caught C. caught D. having been caught

2. The party was a success, but I thought it a pity not ________ you.

A. invite B. to invite C. inviting D. to have invited

3. I haven’t written to him, for I don’t know ________ the letter.

A. how begin B. to how begin C. how to begin D. how to begin write

4. Everyone here will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to Pvent fires ________ the environment safer.

A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making

5. —Hello, Jack, we’re going to see our teacher tomorrow, would you like to go with us?

—Really?

A. I’d like B. I’d love C. I like D. I’d love to.

6. In some teachers’ opinion, the harder a student studies, the more questions he thinks of ________.

A. asking B. being asked C. to ask D. asked

7. Rather than ________ everything to the last minute, she always Pfers ________ early.

A. to leave; to start B. leaving; starting C. leave; to start D. being left; to be started

8. At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed________ without.

A. to go B. go C. going D. did

9. Children are always expecting their parents ________ them some Psents on Children’s day.

A. to give B. give C. giving D. gave

10. The Chinese are generally considered________ printing.

A. to invent B. to have invented C. inventing D. to be invented

11. There seemed nothing else for us to do but ________ home on foot.

A. to go B. go C. going D. went

12. His friends and colleagues will be upset, ________ his parents.

A. not to speak of B. not to speak C. to not speak D. not speaking of

13. ________, your plan is very attractive, but it doesn't seem to be practicable.

A. Telling the truth B. Being told the truth C. Tell the truth D. To tell the truth

14. ________ miss the train, she hurried through her work.

A. In order to not B. So as not to C. In order not to D. as not to

15. It is an honor for me ________ to speak at the meeting.

A. To ask B. asking C. being asked D. to have been asked

[答案與解析]

1. B。不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作狀語。表示沒有預(yù)料到的情況或結(jié)果;句意為“晚校后，那焦慮的孩子多次要爬墻，結(jié)果每次都被學(xué)校門衛(wèi)逮住。”

2. D。本題考查不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。動(dòng)詞invite發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞thought之前，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，故答案為D。句意為“舞會(huì)很成功，但我認(rèn)為沒邀請(qǐng)你很遺憾�！�

3. C。句意為“我還沒給他寫信，因?yàn)槲也恢�道如何開頭�！� 疑問詞+不定式短語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，常用在某些動(dòng)詞如tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand等后面做賓語。

4. C。此題受定式思維的干擾，很容易誤選為D. 實(shí)際上，本題考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為“這里的每個(gè)人將因?yàn)橄�防�?duì)員預(yù)防火災(zāi)使環(huán)境更安全所做的事情而感激他們，”

5. D。本題考查不定式的省略。為避免重復(fù), 用to來替動(dòng)詞不定式或不定式短語。句意為“杰克，我們明天要去看老師，你一起去嗎?”“真的?我想去�！�

6. C。本題考查不定式作后置定語，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。句意為“在一些老師看來，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)越用功，他想起要問的問題就越多�！�

7. C。該題通過調(diào)整語序考查非謂語動(dòng)詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。Pfer后可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，構(gòu)成詞組Pfer doing… to doing…意為“喜歡…而不喜歡”和Pfer to do…rather than do…意為“寧愿…而不愿”。句意為“他總是寧愿早點(diǎn)開始，而不愿凡事留到最后時(shí)刻”。

8. A。英語中有些動(dòng)詞如want, decide, ask, apply, choose, determine, long, fail, wish, hope, manage, offer, promise, learn, Ptend, expect, refuse等只能跟不定式做賓語。句意為“起初,我們沒有現(xiàn)成的技術(shù)資料,但也設(shè)法照樣干下去了�！�

9. A。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意為“兒童節(jié)那天孩子們總是盼望著父母能給他們買些禮物�！�

10. B。本題考查不定式的時(shí)態(tài)。不定式的一般時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作通常在謂語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生之前就已發(fā)生或完成。根據(jù)句意“通常認(rèn)為中國(guó)人發(fā)明的印刷術(shù)�！贝鸢笧锽。

11. B。本題考查but后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的情況。當(dāng)but前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面的不定式不帶to。故答案為B。句意為“我們好像只能步行回家了。”

12. A。not to speak of為固定詞組，意為“更不用說”。句意為“他的朋友和同事都會(huì)難過，更不用說他的父母了�！�

13. D。to tell the truth 意為“說實(shí)話”。句意為“說實(shí)話你的計(jì)劃很吸引人,不過似乎行不通�！�

14. C。不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由“not+ 不定式”構(gòu)成。in order to和so as to為同義詞，但so as to只能位于句中，不能位于句首。故答案為 A(注意要將 not 放在不定式符號(hào) to 的前面)。句意為“為了趕火車，她匆匆做完了她的工作�！�

15. D。根據(jù)句式“It+ be+ 形容詞+ for sb. to do sth.”可排除B和C;ask與me的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，因此用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案為D。句意為“被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上發(fā)言是我的榮幸。”

（1）、最新的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)

（2）、英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)